Fruits - Fruits are Beneficial For Health and Efficacious

Fruit is one of the types of foods that contain nutrients, vitamins and minerals that are generally very good to eat every day. Compared with chemical drugs supplements sold in the shops, the fruit is much safer without harmful side effects as well as in terms of price is generally much cheaper than supplements that have the same function.
Below we can see the content of substances and the health benefits of some kind of fruit that many around us:
1. TOMATO FRUIT* Tomato contains vitamins A, B1 and C.* Tomatoes can help cleanse the liver and blood.and can prevent various diseases and other health problems such as:- Bleeding gums.- Night blindness / kotok chicken.- Blood clots.- Appendicitis.- Prostate cancer and breast cancer.


2. PAPAYA FRUIT* Papaya contains vitamin C and provitamin A.* Papaya can help break down dietary fiber in the digestive system, digestive tract food smooth.and can cope with or treat various diseases and other health problems such as:- Heal wounds.- Eliminate the infection.- Eliminates allergy
3. BANANA FRUIT* Bananas contain vitamin A, B1, B2 and C.* Bananas can help reduce stomach acid.* Bananas can help maintain water balance in the body.bananas can cope with or treat various diseases and other health problems such as:- A disorder of the stomach.- Heart disease and stroke- Stress- Lowered levels in the blood koleterol.

 4. MANGO FRUIT* Mango contains vitamins A, E and C.* Mango can act as a disinfectant and can cleanse the blood.jg mango can cope with or treat various diseases and other health problems such as:- Body odor / dd / unpleasant body odor.- Reduce body heat during a fever.
5. STRAWBERRY FRUIT* Strawberries contain provitamin A, vitamin B1, B and C.* Stobery substances contain antioxidants to fight free radicals.strawberries have their uses / other health functions such as:- Treating the health problems of the bladder.- The anti-virus- The anti-cancer
6. APPLE FRUIT* Apple contains vitamins A, B and C.* Aple can help lower blood cholesterol levels.apple has uses / other health functions such as:- The anti-cancer substances.- Reducing the appetite that is too big.
7. Citrus fruit* Oranges contain vitamin A, B1, B2 and C.* Orange for the body containing anticancer.jg oranges can prevent and treat various diseases and other health problems such as:- Treating canker sores.- Lowers the risk of cardiovascular, cancer, and cataracts.
8. PEAR FRUIT / PIR* Pear contains vitamin C and provitamin A.* Pear contain anti-oxidants are good for maintaining health.pear to prevent various diseases and other health problems such as:- Lower the fever / hot body.- Dilute and menhilangkan phlegm in cough with phlegm.
9. FRUIT Guava (SEEDS RED)* Guava contains vitamin C which is very much.* Guava contain antioxidant and anticancer agents.guava has a utility / other health functions such as:- Lowers blood cholesterol levels- Treat the infection.- Keep treating canker sores.- Accelerate blood circulation.- Launched the digestive tract.- Preventing constipation.
10. FRUIT WATERMELON* Watermelon contains vitamin C and provitamin A.* Watermelon may be allergy.watermelon has a utility / other health functions such as:- Lower cholesterol levels.- Prevent and restrain a heart attack.
11. FRUIT Melon* Melon contains vitamin C and provitamin A.* Melons contain anti-cancer and anti-oxidants.melon has a utility / other health functions such as:- Prevent blood clots.- Clean the skin.- Menlancarkan digestive tract.- Lowered levels of kolestrerol.
12. CARROT FRUIT* Carrots are rich in vitamin A.* Carrots good for maintaining eye health.jg carrots have usability / health functions such as:- Enhance immunity and resilience of the physical body.- Keeping the heart healthy.
13. STAR FRUIT FRUIT* Star fruit contains vitamin C and provitamin A.* Starfruit can help facilitate digestion of food.starfruit has a utility / health functions such as:- Lowering blood pressure.- Lowered levels / levels of cholesterol in the body.

how to redden the lips with starfruit

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You must already know it in the picture above what fruit? starfruit, yes! visit

This fruit has been known since long will his usefulness, one of which may redden lips naturally.

how to live your wash, cut 2, and jrenggggggg action began. digosokin aja tuh stay in perlahan2 kebibir starfruit (not to be strong - strong yes, torn lip scrub too hard because that is outside the responsibility aye ...:-p) already ah, joke wrote .......

use as often as possible, preferably after brushing and before bed in order to work optimally. But wait, yes, all that's needed natural processes. good luck

hopefully can add to our knowledge yes.

tips on buying used goods

1. Determine Your Budget,'ve seen magazines or cataog about who wants to purchase goods from the home, so that your time is not wasted to make choices. http://komisigratis.com/?reg =

2. Check the terms of the physical, whether there was lecetnya, if you still want to, make sure menawarnya lower.

3. Do not stare at one store, try asking the same goods at several stores to get the right market price.

3. If you have purchased the item, try to pretend to sell to the other stores so that we can know whether we are being lied to or not. karna, the buyer may not cover the shortage of goods is pabila we want to sell.

4. Try to buy resale items are still under warranty.

5. Try not to bid too often because the seller will know that we really want the goods. Pretend - puralah going to think re-seller. if we are not called, means the market value indeed indicates that much.


GOOD HELP.

tabulet beat

Tabulet has just introduced one of the newest products Tabulet Beat. Tabulet Beat is a Digital AV player that can play video up to Full HD 1080p resolution in a variety of formats such as mkv, mp4, avi, etc.. Beat Tabulet rencanya be priced at around 699 thousand. click here
Main Specifications:

    * 4.3-inch Touch Screen
    * Support full HD 1080p video
    * Built-in FM Radio
    * Weight 185 grams (very light and portable)
    * Multi-Format Video & Music Player
    * 4GB Internal Memory
    * External Memory Micro SD up to 32GB
Sales Package

    * Tabulet Beat
    * Adapter Charger
    * Mini USB Data Cable
    * Headset
    * Audio & Video Cable for TV output
    * User guide usage
    * Warranty card
    * Sticker Tabulet
Design and Body
The design of the Beat resembles a tablet but the screen measures just 4.3 inches. The body is made of lightweight plastic material and the overall white. At the front it just decorated a plain logo Tabulet in the lower right corner. On the back of the body there is a speaker hole on the left and in the middle of the body there is the logo Tabulet.
On the upper side there are 4 physical buttons are:

    * Buttons Power / Lock
    * The Menu
    * Keys Volume Up / Down
    * Keys Escape
Beat on the right side there is a Micro SD slot and you can add a Micro SD until with 32 GB.
Beat on the left side there are 3 holes jack adapter for the charging hole, hole mini usb cable for data and audio 3.5 mm hole.
On the down side it's just plain and there is only one small hole that serves to reset the Beat. click here
Tabulet Gallery Beat Review








Display and Inter-face
At the turn Tabulet Beat you will be faced with two choices of Tabulet and Android. Select Tabulet to boot in Digital AV player mode.

The appearance of the Digital AV Player mode
At the beginning there is one main menu bar at the bottom of the menu consists of 7 pieces, namely:
Music
This menu is a music player that can play a variety of fotmat include MP3, WMA, AAC, M4A, OGG, WAV, FLAC, APE, etc..

In the Music menu you will be faced with a choice of several options:

    * Current Play: which contains the song is playing, similar to the Now Playing on other music players.
    * All: contains all the songs contained in Tabulet Beat or on your SD Micro.
    * Artist: you can sort songs by artist that sings the song category.
    * Album: You can sort songs by song album category.
    * Style: sorting your favorite songs through the music genre.
    * Year: you can do sorti songs through the date or year of the music files.
    * Files: This option serves as a file manager or file explorer.
    * Update Media Lib: serves to synchronize songs from memory to the music library. immediately register for free
Video
Beat the video player on Tabulet quite remarkable, support for multiple formats sdeperti mkv, avi, mp4, mov, etc and support full HD video makes Tabulet Beat into a multimedia gadget that can be relied upon. We had tested a play some video in mp4 format, mkv and avi 720p HD quality up to full HD 1080p and everything went very well and smoothly. Given the price is quite cheap Beat gadgets including one to be reckoned.


Picture
Besides being able to view videos and play music, Tabulet Beat can also store photos. All photos you can play a slideshow. Standard features such as zoom in and zoom out is also available on this menu. You can adjust the ratio of the image in a choice of three options: Full Ratio Raw, Raw To Screen Ratio and Stretch.


EBook
Tabulet Beat also features EBook to read a book or anything in PDF form.

File
This menu serves as a file explorer to locate the files that exist in your internal or external memory.


Settings
In this menu you can do some settings and options teradapat several options:

    * Display: go to this menu to do some settings such as brightness, background, calibration and other display.
    * Language: You did what? Language settings in this menu unfortunately there are only 3 options namely Ennglish language, and the second language of China.
    * Clock: do the current date and time on this menu.
    * Power: you can do some settings such as backlight, screen savers, etc..
    * TV Out: turn on the TV output on this menu.
    * Information: This menu contains only information about the products Tabulet Beat.
    * Factory settings: you can reset the setting back to initial factory default.
Tools
In the tools menu there are several sub-menus to choose from, most of the menu is a menu utility for your everyday needs.

    * Alarms
    * Calculator
    * Calendar
    * Stopwatch
    * EDictionary
    * Recorder
    * FM
    * Game
In addition to the above menus are also a line shortcut that can be hidden or displayed. Here is the shortcut menus are:

    * Analog Clock: to display an analog clock on the display face.
    * Digital Clock: for displaying digital clock on the display face.
    * Calendar: you can display a calendar on the display face.
    * Keylock: to lock the screen quickly and easily.
    * Volume: to adjust the sound level.
Battery Life
Beat Tabulet good endurance when running the default OS tabulet battery saving enough, because the screen is not too big and lack of connectivity into the factors that save battery life. If used to watch videos or play music taste will last long enough and can last approximately 20jam.

Conclusion
Beat the overall performance is quite good and smooth, especially when run as a mode of Digital AV player that is its main advantages. His ability to run a variety of video formats up to Full HD resolution to be the main selling points of Tabulet Beat compared to other products. The design is extremely lightweight and portable. Beat Tabulet should provide 2 pieces of stereo audio speakers to support multimedia capabilities.

Excess

    * Durability is quite good
    * Lightweight design and portability
    * Full HD video playback capabilities are very seldom possessed other similar products
    * Price is very affordable at around Rp. 880 000, - compared to other mp3 player products
    * Digital AV mode is very good player and can play a variety of formats
    * User Interface is simple and easy to use
Shortage

    * Connectivity is very minimal
    * The quality of the screen less than the maximum

world cheapest tablet

Eh it turns out, India managed to create a cutting-edge tablet dibanderor cheaply, which is around Rs.1750 or if dirupuahkan around 400ribuan, cheap is not it?

byangkan, with only Rp. 400 000 you can taste the pleasures bertablet jolly good with wi-fi connection, or with a personal modem,

specification is fairly decent for its price range such as cheap as it:

- 400 Mhz processor

- Android froyo (2.2 version)

- Micro SD support up to 32GB

- Including the educational features

- 7 inch TFT color display 800 x 480 pixels

- Wifi and modem conection.

if you want to buy can contact 087 868 754 023 x3 imo.

click here

OK. silahkann see the videos that I embraced from youtube below.

we pray for the Aakash is cepet nyampe in Indonesia yes.

hopefully we get more knowledge. Do not forget to leave traces of your comments yes.

modding im o x3 android tablet

Having an inexpensive tablet, not mean it can not be tricked into tablets better Karna has many diverse ways mengoptimalisasikannya, one of them such as changing the version of android froyo on a honeycomb x3 (3.0) which clearly has better performance than froyo (2.2).
if you want to buy can contact 087 868 754 023 x3 imo. see here

weaknesses that we will get from Imo x3 Android Tab, among others:
1. Android OS 2.2 Froyo which injected a ripped version, aka've trimmed some features by default. For example, the Android Market is not available, and replaced with AppMarket. Widget Application Store which leads to a content provider in China, to download apps / games Android. Unfortunately, the number of applications / games provided very limited. That was not the application / game popular.
2. unsupported "Live Wallpaper".
3. Supplied battery consumption is very wasteful.
4. Modem function (default) is very difficult to connect with a USB Modem Stick, even though it uses the type listed in the list of 'compatibility Modem'.
Well, that 'trouble' or limitations can be lost, Imo x3 must di-rooted/unlock or upgraded, the term term is in-modding aka modification. Then the question, which part should be in-modding? Due to related systems, so that will be modding the ROM (Read Only Memory).
Android ROM on your own there are actually two types: Stock and Custom ROM ROM. Stock ROM (Original ROM) is a software system that injected the manufacturer to the device to be sold into the market, which with katalain is part of the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacture). While the Custom ROM, ROM merupaka modified both derived from the Stock ROM or modification of any third party, which of course adapted to the needs of its users.
As an open OS, of course many people who do modifications and offer custom Android ROMs. Designation was not just for cell phones only, Custom ROM for Android tablet too much to offer the modifier. As for the Imo Wonder x3 or Media WM8650 this. But of course there are many risks that 'waiting' of this modification tricks.
"As a note for users with less knowledge about the Rooted, modding or modification, you should find more information in advance, so that more clearly the benefits and risks facing the future of this modification process.
I just convey information, and not be held responsible if there is damage to your Android tablet. "
Here is a ritual modifications can be done to reduce the limitations of Imo x3
By using the ROM modding "Universal Uberoid WM8650 1.5.3 HoneyCombMOD v9" with the ROM file which can be downloaded here
The main feature of the ROM modding, among others:
1. Support Live Wallpaper ('butterfly' Live Wallpaper included)
2. Honeycomb Android-style interface
3. Support more than 60 models WM8650 Android Tablet
4. ROM can be custom
5. 100% Rooted
6. Audio quality improved
7. Updated BusyBox to version 1:19
8. Memory cleaning up
9. Memory read / write up
10. Lite version, supports many applications
11. Supports multiple languages
12. Android Market Support / Google Market (v2.3.6)
ROM installation process:
1. Insert the microSD card into the PC / Laptop. Could use a card reader or a special port on your PC / Laptop.
2. Format microSD card using the FAT32 system.
3. Find out the type / model IMO Android Tablet Tab X3 you (eg VIA WM8650/M009s/M003s/M012s/etc.)
4. Extract / Unzip files Universal Uberoid WM8650 ROM v9 HoneyCombMOD 1.5.3 has been downloaded to the folder PC / Laptop.
5. Run the file "CHANGER.EXE" in the folder extract the ROM modding.
6. Enter the code number of the type / model of your Android tablet at the bottom of the dialog box. Then press "Enter". For example, you select the ROM of the type M009s Blue LED 7 ", in the dialog box type the number 2 and then Enter.

7. CHANGER.EXE will display a notification to save the modifications to the microSD ROM, select 'Y' then press Enter. Process modifications and copy ROM to microSD will take place automatically.

8. After the success was copied to the microSD, remove the memory card
9. Turn off Tablet Android
10. Insert microSD card into an available slot.
11. Turn on Android Tablet I
12. ROM installation process will take place automatically, at the bottom of the screen / screen will be displayed indicator percentage of the installation process. Wait up to 100%, and you will be asked to revoke the microSD card.
13. You've successfully modified.
Note: Make sure, after you successfully modify, delete files on the microSD card before (re-format the microSD card) if you want to use for file storage.

FAQ:
A. How to fix the Android Market because it does not show all applications:
1. Open the icon 'Android Market', then press the 'home' to return
2. Go to the menu 'Settings> Applications> Manage> Running
3. Press the 'Market'
4. Press 'Clear cache', but DO NOT press the clear data
5. Press 'Stop Force'
6. Back to the menu 'Settings> Applications> Manage> Running
7. Press the 'Google Services Framework'
8. Press 'Clear Data'
9. Press 'Stop Force'
10. Run 'Android Market', usually at the beginning will show error
11. Reboot, re-open 'Android Market' should be successful terupdated. If not, generally took a while longer for the system to work properly.
12. If successful, you can search for any application available on Android Market.
B. Logo Uberoid kept blinking (flashing), and Tablets can not get into the system:
To outsmart, reinstall modding ROM by entering the type / model Tablet. For example: if you had been using M009s Blue LED 7 ", try changing the type of M009s Green LED.
good luck.

how to grow the remaining hair from cooking oil

usually we always dispose of used oil to fry fish

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 or derived from meat. whereas, the oil is still able to function as an effective ingredient. after there oprek oprek here, it turns out this oil has the benefit of reply can be useful to people here who do have a rather slow growth hormone (maap yee), which can stimulate the growth of such fluff for a beard, mustache, beard and so on (who knows willing to experiment on the back ....), hehe joking again. easy way to earn money click here

surely the people here also want to have a beard like the picture above is not it? (face too)

but do not worry, try to be better than silence. immediately wrote to the original topic, yes,

The first requirement:

+ Jelantahnya oil must be even less than 1 month old (well, not imagine amisnya Quote).

+ Second, keep the oil jelantahnya stored in closed containers (preferably the rest of gorengannya

    also included / crust fried). click on this link

+ Third, immediately wrote a desired place apply 2x a day (morning and evening effectively).

+ The last survivor tries yes. cooking oil are said to be more effective than hazelnut oil we burn.


terms and conditions:

1. ane less confident with the person who emang hairless gene.

2. ane also less convinced by the man whose age was above the growth period, about 25 years so dehh + + ..

3. hope to hold a very fishy smell, remember all the businesses there must be results.


Do not forget to leave the comment yes. hopefully useful unutuk readers in need.

how to quickly heal wounds

Sometimes, we can not escape from our carelessness in various ways, one of which is when we are touched by a sharp object.





when we experience it, should be dealt with quickly so germs that were there did not get to build elite housing complex that would lead to infection.




This time, I will share tips from the traditional alm. My grandmother, ie treat scratches, abrasions, chipped or rubbed asphalt with spider profit that we consider this only as an accessory for the shameful wall ......

Because the nest was woven profit to the original, so it still contains compounds are efficacious compounds for treating wounds.

  how:

collect nest profit to the residence, but remember not to take profits or earnings ntah no other impurities.

clench your nest, drop a few drops of light oil and immediately attached to the place of injured (light oil will freeze because the blood that flowed naturally occurring compounds containing compounds).

set aside some time, keep it away from the fire to prevent it from things that are not desirable (Kalee kidding ... hehe).

ok, surely his blood would be immediately stopped and the wound dry. click here

good luck, hopefully this post is useful for the reader. I wait for your brilliant comments. ^ _ ^

how to brightening the skin?

welcome to the bloggers. this time I will be share few more tips from my sister. After reading the posts that this potluck, I wait for his comments. see here

genuine leather Indonesia


Indonesian people in general have brown skin color.

is not a new thing if people want whiter skin yamng, especially if the materials used does not berefeksamping traditional alias.


Egg white, yaaaaa, that's the secret, you can whiten the skin of any part in a short time.

It turned out that besides being able to lift blackheads who really hooked us build a base camp diwajah, egg whites can also make skin look brighter in just two weeks (not advertising it). free and easy way to make money click here

  The way you separate immediately wrote between whites with the yolk, egg white and stir it with a fork (do not be in the mixer until white), just with a fork just until slightly frothy. then, live your duty to apply the mucus is the part you want made ​​to appear brighter.

click this

Do it before bed and allow it to dry, then you can sleep right away and the next day, rinse your stay. done for 2 weeks and see perubahaannya.

Indeed, these tips a bit inconvenient, but only with cheap capital, you can make your skin look whiter without chemicals and with a shorter process, and the terpennting, WITHOUT SIDE EFFECTS. These tips can dilakukann by men and women. good luck

awaited the comment after getting the result yes.

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HOW QUICKLY AND REMOVING NATURAL ACNE

HOW QUICKLY AND REMOVING NATURAL ACNEAcne has always graced the face of the sons and daughters face local and foreign. Jerawwat kepercayadirian affect someone else. Acne comes from dust pollution, excess fat from our bodies, as well as genetic, (there are people who already know though parents are still spotty, the curse kalii yee (maapin aye)). But, have you tried some of the following ways? yes just go ahead ... See more

naudzubilahiminzaliq ya wee ..hopefully we face do not like them. click here






by because it is, avoid:1. too often hit by dust, smoke and steam heat (it will open the pores and allows dirt
    entrance). immediately wash your face with normal soap his Ph. reply. jgn often use soap to -
    grandmother of milk, it just gives the opportunity for acne to open our lapaknya in this delicate cheeks.2. do not often change prodak menggonta face.3. What if the little one was born (new acne) do not let your skilled fingers squeeze pimples is a
    gar soon lost, not lost even make your face black berflek, even-perforated holes. click here
 

apa itu android ? dan versi - versi android ?

Android adalah sistem operasi untuk telepon seluler yang berbasis Linux. Android menyediakan platform terbuka bagi para pengembang buat menciptakan aplikasi mereka sendiri untuk digunakan oleh bermacam peranti bergerak. Awalnya, Google Inc. membeli Android Inc., pendatang baru yang membuat peranti lunak untuk ponsel. Kemudian untuk mengembangkan Android, dibentuklah Open Handset Alliance, konsorsium dari 34 perusahaan peranti keras, peranti lunak, dan telekomunikasi, termasuk Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, T-Mobile, dan Nvidia.
Pada saat perilisan perdana Android, 5 November 2007, Android bersama Open Handset Alliance menyatakan mendukung pengembangan standar terbuka pada perangkat seluler. Di lain pihak, Google merilis kode–kode Android di bawah lisensi Apache, sebuah lisensi perangkat lunak dan standar terbuka perangkat seluler.
Di dunia ini terdapat dua jenis distributor sistem operasi Android. Pertama yang mendapat dukungan penuh dari Google atau Google Mail Services (GMS) dan kedua adalah yang benar–benar bebas distribusinya tanpa dukungan langsung Google atau dikenal sebagai Open Handset Distribution (OHD).

Sejarah

Kerjasama dengan Android Inc.

Pada Juli 2000, Google bekerjasama dengan Android Inc., perusahaan yang berada di Palo Alto, California Amerika Serikat. Para pendiri Android Inc. bekerja pada Google, di antaranya Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, dan Chris White. Saat itu banyak yang menganggap fungsi Android Inc. hanyalah sebagai perangkat lunak pada telepon seluler. Sejak saat itu muncul rumor bahwa Google hendak memasuki pasar telepon seluler. Di perusahaan Google, tim yang dipimpin Rubin bertugas mengembangkan program perangkat seluler yang didukung oleh kernel Linux. Hal ini menunjukkan indikasi bahwa Google sedang bersiap menghadapi persaingan dalam pasar telepon seluler.
Versi android terbaru yaitu versi 3.0. Android juga sudah bergabung dengan beberapa smart mobile seperti Samsung, Sony Ericsson dan lainnya.

2007-2008: Produk awal

Sekitar September 2007 sebuah studi melaporkan bahwa Google mengajukan hak paten aplikasi telepon seluler (akhirnya Google mengenalkan Nexus One, salah satu jenis telepon pintar GSM yang menggunakan Android pada sistem operasinya. Telepon seluler ini diproduksi oleh HTC Corporation dan tersedia di pasaran pada 5 Januari 2010).
Pada 9 Desember 2008, diumumkan anggota baru yang bergabung dalam program kerja Android ARM Holdings, Atheros Communications, diproduksi oleh Asustek Computer Inc, Garmin Ltd, Softbank, Sony Ericsson, Toshiba Corp, dan Vodafone Group Plc. Seiring pembentukan Open Handset Alliance, OHA mengumumkan produk perdana mereka, Android, perangkat bergerak (mobile) yang merupakan modifikasi kernel Linux 2.6. Sejak Android dirilis telah dilakukan berbagai pembaruan berupa perbaikan bug dan penambahan fitur baru.
Telepon pertama yang memakai sistem operasi Android adalah HTC Dream, yang dirilis pada 22 Oktober 2008. Pada penghujung tahun 2009 diperkirakan di dunia ini paling sedikit terdapat 18 jenis telepon seluler yang menggunakan Android.

[sunting] Android versi 1.1

Pada 9 Maret 2009, Google merilis Android versi 1.1. Android versi ini dilengkapi dengan pembaruan estetis pada aplikasi, jam alarm, voice search (pencarian suara), pengiriman pesan dengan Gmail, dan pemberitahuan email.

Android versi 1.5 (Cupcake)

Pada pertengahan Mei 2009, Google kembali merilis telepon seluler dengan menggunakan Android dan SDK (Software Development Kit) dengan versi 1.5 (Cupcake). Terdapat beberapa pembaruan termasuk juga penambahan beberapa fitur dalam seluler versi ini yakni kemampuan merekam dan menonton video dengan modus kamera, mengunggah video ke Youtube dan gambar ke Picasa langsung dari telepon, dukungan Bluetooth A2DP, kemampuan terhubung secara otomatis ke headset Bluetooth, animasi layar, dan keyboard pada layar yang dapat disesuaikan dengan sistem.

Android versi 1.6 (Donut)

Donut (versi 1.6) dirilis pada September dengan menampilkan proses pencarian yang lebih baik dibanding sebelumnya, penggunaan baterai indikator dan kontrol applet VPN. Fitur lainnya adalah galeri yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk memilih foto yang akan dihapus; kamera, camcorder dan galeri yang dintegrasikan; CDMA / EVDO, 802.1x, VPN, Gestures, dan Text-to-speech engine; kemampuan dial

oid versi 2.0/2.1 (Eclair)

Pada 3 Desember 2009 kembali diluncurkan ponsel Android dengan versi 2.0/2.1 (Eclair), perubahan yang dilakukan adalah pengoptimalan hardware, peningkatan Google Maps 3.1.2, perubahan UI dengan browser baru dan dukungan HTML5, daftar kontak yang baru, dukungan flash untuk kamera 3,2 MP, digital Zoom, dan Bluetooth 2.1.
Untuk bergerak cepat dalam persaingan perangkat generasi berikut, Google melakukan investasi dengan mengadakan kompetisi aplikasi mobile terbaik (killer apps - aplikasi unggulan). Kompetisi ini berhadiah $25,000 bagi setiap pengembang aplikasi terpilih. Kompetisi diadakan selama dua tahap yang tiap tahapnya dipilih 50 aplikasi terbaik.
Dengan semakin berkembangnya dan semakin bertambahnya jumlah handset Android, semakin banyak pihak ketiga yang berminat untuk menyalurkan aplikasi mereka kepada sistem operasi Android. Aplikasi terkenal yang diubah ke dalam sistem operasi Android adalah Shazam, Backgrounds, dan WeatherBug. Sistem operasi Android dalam situs Internet juga dianggap penting untuk menciptakan aplikasi Android asli, contohnya oleh MySpace dan Facebook.

[sunting] Android versi 2.2 (Froyo: Frozen Yoghurt)

Pada 20 Mei 2010, Android versi 2.2 (Froyo) diluncurkan. Perubahan-perubahan umumnya terhadap versi-versi sebelumnya antara lain dukungan Adobe Flash 10.1, kecepatan kinerja dan aplikasi 2 sampai 5 kali lebih cepat, intergrasi V8 JavaScript engine yang dipakai Google Chrome yang mempercepat kemampuan rendering pada browser, pemasangan aplikasi dalam SD Card, kemampuan WiFi Hotspot portabel, dan kemampuan auto update dalam aplikasi Android Market.

[sunting] Android versi 2.3 (Gingerbread)

Pada 6 Desember 2010, Android versi 2.3 (Gingerbread) diluncurkan. Perubahan-perubahan umum yang didapat dari Android versi ini antara lain peningkatan kemampuan permainan (gaming), peningkatan fungsi copy paste, layar antar muka (User Interface) didesain ulang, dukungan format video VP8 dan WebM, efek audio baru (reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, dan bass boost), dukungan kemampuan Near Field Communication (NFC), dan dukungan jumlah kamera yang lebih dari satu.

[sunting] Android versi 3.0/3.1 (Honeycomb)

Android Honeycomb dirancang khusus untuk tablet. Android versi ini mendukung ukuran layar yang lebih besar. User Interface pada Honeycomb juga berbeda karena sudah didesain untuk tablet. Honeycomb juga mendukung multi prosesor dan juga akselerasi perangkat keras (hardware) untuk grafis. Tablet pertama yang dibuat dengan menjalankan Honeycomb adalah Motorola Xoom. Perangkat tablet dengan platform Android 3.0 akan segera hadir di Indonesia. Perangkat tersebut bernama Eee Pad Transformer produksi dari Asus. Rencana masuk pasar Indonesia pada Mei 2011.

Android versi 4.0 (ICS :Ice Cream Sandwich)

Diumumkan pada tanggal 19 Oktober 2011, membawa fitur Honeycomb untuk smartphone dan menambahkan fitur baru termasuk membuka kunci dengan pengenalan wajah, jaringan data pemantauan penggunaan dan kontrol, terpadu kontak jaringan sosial, perangkat tambahan fotografi, mencari email secara offline, dan berbagi informasi dengan menggunakan NFC.

Fitur

Fitur yang tersedia di Android adalah:

• Kerangka aplikasi: itu memungkinkan penggunaan dan penghapusan komponen yang tersedia.
• Dalvik mesin virtual: mesin virtual dioptimalkan untuk perangkat mobile.
• Grafik: grafik di 2D dan grafis 3D berdasarkan pustaka OpenGL.
• SQLite: untuk penyimpanan data.
• Mendukung media: audio, video, dan berbagai format gambar (MPEG4, H.264, MP3,

AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)

• GSM, Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, dan WiFi (hardware dependent)
• Kamera, Global Positioning System (GPS), kompas, dan accelerometer (tergantung hardware)

Android bagi komunitas sumber terbuka (open source)

Android memiliki berbagai keunggulan sebagai software yang memakai basis kode komputer yang bisa didistribusikan secara terbuka (open source) sehingga pengguna bisa membuat aplikasi baru di dalamnya. Android memiliki aplikasi native Google yang terintegrasi seperti pushmail Gmail, Google Maps, dan Google Calendar.
Para penggemar open source kemudian membangun komunitas yang membangun dan berbagi Android berbasis firmware dengan sejumlah penyesuaian dan fitur-fitur tambahan, seperti FLAC lossless audio dan kemampuan untuk menyimpan download aplikasi pada microSD card. Mereka sering memperbaharui paket-paket firmware dan menggabungkan elemen-elemen fungsi Android yang belum resmi diluncurkan dalam suatu carrier-sanction firmware.

Postingan ini adalah kopian dari wikipedia

WHAT IS AN ANDROID THING?

Android is an operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. It is developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google.^[7][8]
Google purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in 2005.^[9] The unveiling of the Android distribution on November 5, 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 84 hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices.^{[10][11][12][13]} Google released most of the Android code under the Apache License, a free software license.^[14] The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android.^[15]
Android consists of a kernel based on the Linux kernel, with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C and application software running on an application framework which includes Java-compatible libraries based on Apache Harmony. Android uses the Dalvik virtual machine with just-in-time compilation to run Dalvik dex-code (Dalvik Executable), which is usually translated from Java bytecode.^[16]
Android has a large community of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of the devices. Developers write primarily in a customized version of Java.^[17] There are currently approximately 400,000 apps available for Android, from a total of 600,000 apps over the life of Android.^[18][19][20] Apps can be downloaded from third-party sites or through online stores such as Android Market, the app store run by Google.
Android was listed as the best-selling smartphone platform worldwide in Q4 2010 by Canalys^[21][22] with over 200 million Android devices in use by November 2011.^[23]

Contents  [hide]  1 History 1.1 Foundation 1.2 Acquisition by Google 1.3 Post-acquisition development 1.4 Open Handset Alliance 1.5 Version history 1.6 Licensing 2 Design 2.1 Linux 2.2 Features 3 Uses 4 Applications 4.1 Android Market 4.2 Application security 4.3 Privacy 5 Marketing 5.1 Market share 5.2 Usage share 5.3 Retail Stores 6 Intellectual property infringement claims 7 See also 8 References 9 External links

[edit] History

[edit] Foundation

Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, United States in October, 2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger),^[24] Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.),^[25] Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile),^[26] and Chris White (headed design and interface development at WebTV)^[27] to develop, in Rubin's words "...smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences".^[28] Despite the obvious past accomplishments of the founders and early employees, Android Inc. operated secretly, revealing only that it was working on software for mobile phones.^[28]
That same year, Rubin ran out of money. Steve Perlman brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope and refused a stake in the company.^[29]

[edit] Acquisition by Google

Google acquired Android Inc. in August 2005, making Android Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of Google Inc. Key employees of Android Inc., including Andy Rubin, Rich Miner and Chris White, stayed at the company after the acquisition.^[9] Not much was known about Android Inc. at the time of the acquisition, but many assumed that Google was planning to enter the mobile phone market with this move.^[9]

[edit] Post-acquisition development

At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the premise of providing a flexible, upgradable system. Google had lined up a series of hardware component and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to various degrees of cooperation on their part.^[30][31][32]
Speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile communications market continued to build through December 2006.^[33] Reports from the BBC and The Wall Street Journal noted that Google wanted its search and applications on mobile phones and it was working hard to deliver that. Print and online media outlets soon reported rumors that Google was developing a Google-branded handset.^[34] Some speculated that as Google was defining technical specifications, it was showing prototypes to cell phone manufacturers and network operators.
In September 2007, InformationWeek covered an Evalueserve study reporting that Google had filed several patent applications in the area of mobile telephony.^[35][36]

[edit] Open Handset Alliance

Main article: Open Handset Alliance

On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of several companies which include Broadcom Corporation, Google, HTC, Intel, LG, Marvell Technology Group, Motorola, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics, Sprint Nextel, T-Mobile and Texas Instruments unveiled itself. The goal of the Open Handset Alliance is to develop open standards for mobile devices.^[12] On the same day, the Open Handset Alliance also unveiled their first product, Android, a mobile device platform built on the Linux kernel version 2.6.^[12]
On December 9, 2008, 14 new members joined, including ARM Holdings, Atheros Communications, Asustek Computer Inc, Garmin Ltd, Huawei Technologies, PacketVideo, Softbank, Sony Ericsson, Toshiba Corp, and Vodafone Group Plc.^[37][38]

[edit] Version history

Main article: Android version history

Home screen of Android DarkyROM.

Android has seen a number of updates since its original release, each fixing bugs and adding new features. Each version is named, in alphabetical order, after a dessert.^[39]

Recent releases

• 2.3 Gingerbread refined the user interface, improved the soft keyboard and copy/paste features, improved gaming performance, added SIP support (VoIP calls), and added support for Near Field Communication.^[40]

• 3.0 Honeycomb was a tablet-oriented^[41][42][43] release which supports larger screen devices and introduces many new user interface features, and supports multi-core processors and hardware acceleration for graphics.^[44] The first device featuring this version, the Motorola Xoom tablet, went on sale in February 2011.^[45][46]

• 3.1 Honeycomb, released in May 2011, added support for extra input devices, USB host mode for transferring information directly from cameras and other devices, and the Google Movies and Books apps.^[47]

• 3.2 Honeycomb, released in July 2011, added optimization for a broader range of screen sizes, new "zoom-to-fill" screen compatibility mode, loading media files directly from SD card, and an extended screen support API.^[48] Huawei MediaPad is the first 7 inch tablet to use this version ^[49]

• 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich, announced on October 19, 2011, brought Honeycomb features to smartphones and added new features including facial recognition unlock, network data usage monitoring and control, unified social networking contacts, photography enhancements, offline email searching, and information sharing using NFC. Android 4.0.1 Ice Cream Sandwich is the latest Android version that is available to phones. The source code of Android 4.0.1 was released on November 14, 2011^[50]

[edit] Licensing

The source code for Android is available under free and open source software licenses. Google published their Linux kernel changes under the GNU General Public License version 2, and the rest of the code (including network and telephony stacks)^[51] under the Apache License version 2.0.^[52][53][54] Google also keeps the reviewed issues list publicly open for anyone to see and comment.^[55]
The Open Handset Alliance develops the GPL-licensed part of Android, that is their changes to the Linux kernel, in public, with source code publicly available at all times. The rest of Android is developed in private, with source code released publicly when a major new version is released. Typically Google collaborates with a hardware manufacturer to produce a flagship device featuring the new version of Android, then makes the source code available after that device has been released.^[56]
Even though the software is open source, device manufacturers cannot use Google's Android trademark unless Google certifies that the device complies with their Compatibility Definition Document (CDD). Devices must also meet this definition to be eligible to license Google's closed-source applications, including the Android Market.^[57]
In September 2010, Skyhook Wireless filed a lawsuit against Google in which they alleged that Google had used the compatibility document to block Skyhook's mobile positioning service (XPS) from Motorola's Android mobile devices.^[58] In December 2010 a judge denied Skyhook's motion for preliminary injunction, saying that Google had not closed off the possibility of accepting a revised version of Skyhook's XPS service, and that Motorola had terminated their contract with Skyhook because Skyhook wanted to disable Google's location data collection functions on Motorola's devices, which would have violated Motorola's obligations to Google and its carriers.^[59]
In early 2011, Google chose to temporarily withhold the Android source code to the tablet-only Honeycomb release, creating doubts over Google's commitment to open source with Android.^[60] The reason, according to Andy Rubin in an official Android blog post, was because Honeycomb was rushed for production of the Motorola Xoom,^[61] and they did not want third parties creating a "really bad user experience" by attempting to put onto smartphones a version of Android intended for tablets.^[62] The source code was made available again in November 2011 with the release of Android 4.0.^[3]

[edit] Design

[edit] Linux

Android's kernel is a fork of the Linux kernel and has further architecture changes by Google outside the typical Linux kernel development cycle.^[63] Android does not have a native X Window System nor does it support the full set of standard GNU libraries, and this makes it difficult to port existing Linux applications or libraries to Android.^[64]
Certain features that Google contributed back to the kernel, notably a power management feature called wakelocks, were rejected by mainline kernel developers, partly because kernel maintainers felt that Google did not show any intent to maintain their own code.^[65][66][67] Even though Google announced in April 2010 that they would hire two employees to work with the Linux kernel community,^[68] Greg Kroah-Hartman, the current Linux kernel maintainer for the -stable branch, said in December 2010 that he was concerned that Google was no longer trying to get their code changes included in mainstream Linux.^[66] Some Google Android developers hinted that "the Android team was getting fed up with the process", because they were a small team and had more urgent work to do on Android.^[69]
However, in September 2010 Linux kernel developer Rafael J. Wysocki added a patch that improved the mainline Linux wakeup events framework. He said that Android device drivers that use wakelocks can now be easily merged into mainline Linux, but that Android's opportunistic suspend features should not be included in the mainline kernel.^[70][71] In 2011 Linus Torvalds said that "eventually Android and Linux would come back to a common kernel, but it will probably not be for four to five years."^[72]

[edit] Features

The Android Emulator default home screen (v1.5)

Architecture diagram

Current features and specifications:^[73][74][75]

Handset layouts

The platform is adaptable to larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL ES 2.0 specifications, and traditional smartphone layouts.

Storage

SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.

Connectivity

Android supports connectivity technologies including GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX.

Messaging

SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging, including threaded text messaging and now Android Cloud To Device Messaging (C2DM) is also a part of Android Push Messaging service.

Multiple language support

Android supports multiple languages.^[40]

Web browser

The web browser available in Android is based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. The browser scores 100/100 on the Acid3 test on Android 4.0, however does have some rendering issues.

Java support

While most Android applications are written in Java, there is no Java Virtual Machine in the platform and Java byte code is not executed. Java classes are compiled into Dalvik executables and run on Dalvik, a specialized virtual machine designed specifically for Android and optimized for battery-powered mobile devices with limited memory and CPU. J2ME support can be provided via third-party applications.

Media support

Android supports the following audio/video/still media formats: WebM, H.263, H.264 (in 3GP or MP4 container), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB (in 3GP container), AAC, HE-AAC (in MP4 or 3GP container), MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP.^[75]

Streaming media support

RTP/RTSP streaming (3GPP PSS, ISMA), HTML progressive download (HTML5 <video> tag). Adobe Flash Streaming (RTMP) and HTTP Dynamic Streaming are supported by the Flash plugin.^[76] Apple HTTP Live Streaming is supported by RealPlayer for Mobile,^[77] and by the operating system in Android 3.0 (Honeycomb).^[44]

Additional hardware support

Android can use video/still cameras, touchscreens, GPS, accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, dedicated gaming controls, proximity and pressure sensors, thermometers, accelerated 2D bit blits (with hardware orientation, scaling, pixel format conversion) and accelerated 3D graphics.

Multi-touch

Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero. The feature was originally disabled at the kernel level (possibly to avoid infringing Apple's patents on touch-screen technology at the time).^[78] Google has since released an update for the Nexus One and the Motorola Droid which enables multi-touch natively.^[79]

Bluetooth

Supports A2DP, AVRCP, sending files (OPP), accessing the phone book (PBAP), voice dialing and sending contacts between phones. Keyboard, mouse and joystick (HID) support is available in Android 3.1+, and in earlier versions through manufacturer customizations and third-party applications.^[80]

Video calling

Android does not support native video calling, but some handsets have a customized version of the operating system that supports it, either via the UMTS network (like the Samsung Galaxy S) or over IP. Video calling through Google Talk is available in Android 2.3.4 and later. Gingerbread allows Nexus S to place Internet calls with a SIP account. This allows for enhanced VoIP dialing to other SIP accounts and even phone numbers. Skype 2.1 offers video calling in Android 2.3, including front camera support.

Multitasking

Multitasking of applications is available.^[81]

Voice based features

Google search through voice has been available since initial release.^[82] Voice actions for calling, texting, navigation, etc. are supported on Android 2.2 onwards.^[83]

Tethering

Android supports tethering, which allows a phone to be used as a wireless/wired Wi-Fi hotspot. Before Android 2.2 this was supported by third-party applications or manufacturer customizations.^[84]

Screen capture

Android has native support for screenshot capture ability by pressing the power and volume buttons at the same time on an Android device. This native support came about with the release of Android's 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) update which is first seen on the Galaxy Nexus smartphone.^[85] Previously Android did not feature native support for screen capturing which would have likely been due to security concerns. Furthermore previously, manufacturer and third-party customizations as well as using a PC connection (DDMS developer's tool) were the only known methods of capturing a screenshot on Android.^[86]

[edit] Uses

Main article: List of Android devices

Galaxy Nexus, the latest "Google phone"

The open and customizable nature of the Android operating system allows it to be used in pretty much any electronics, including but not limited to: smartphones, laptops, netbooks, tablet computers, Google TV, wristwatches,^[87] headphones,^[88] Car CD and DVD players^[89] and other devices.^[90][91][92]
The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM architecture. There is support for x86 from the Android-x86 project,^[93] and Google TV uses a special x86 version of Android.
The first commercially available phone to run Android was the HTC Dream, released on 22 October 2008.^[94] In early 2010 Google collaborated with HTC to launch its flagship^[95] Android device, the Nexus One. This was followed later in 2010 with the Samsung-made Nexus S and in 2011 with the Galaxy Nexus.
iOS and Android 2.3.3 'Gingerbread' may be set up to dual boot on a jailbroken iPhone or iPod Touch with the help of OpeniBoot and iDroid.^[96][97]

[edit] Applications

See also: Android software development and List of open source Android applications

Applications are usually developed in the Java language using the Android Software Development Kit, but other development tools are available, including a Native Development Kit for applications or extensions in C or C++, Google App Inventor, a visual environment for novice programmers and various cross platform mobile web applications frameworks .

[edit] Android Market

Main article: Android Market

Android Market is the online software store developed by Google for Android devices. An application program ("app") called "Market" is preinstalled on most Android devices and allows users to browse and download apps published by third-party developers, hosted on Android Market. As of December 2010^[update] there were about 200,000 games, applications and widgets available on the Android Market.^[98] In April 2011 Google said there had been more than 3 billion Android apps installed^[99] and at end of June 2011 there are 6 billion apps installs from the Android market. The operating system itself is installed on 130 million total devices.^[100]
Only devices that comply with Google's compatibility requirements are allowed to preinstall Google's closed-source Android Market app and access the Market.^[101] The Market filters the list of applications presented by the Market app to those that are compatible with the user's device, and developers may restrict their applications to particular carriers or countries for business reasons. ^[102]
Google has participated in the Android Market by offering several applications themselves, including Google Voice (for the Google Voice service), Sky Map (for watching stars), Finance (for their finance service), Maps Editor (for their MyMaps service), Places Directory (for their Local Search), Google Goggles that searches by image, Gesture Search (for using finger-written letters and numbers to search the contents of the phone), Google Translate, Google Shopper, Listen for podcasts and My Tracks, a jogging application. In August 2010, Google launched "Voice Actions for Android",^[103] which allows users to search, write messages, and initiate calls by voice.
Alternatively, users can install apps from third party app stores such as the Amazon Appstore,^[104] or directly onto the device if they have the application's APK file.

[edit] Application security

An example of app permissions in Android Market.

Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area of the operating system that does not have access to the rest of the system's resources, unless access permissions are granted by the user when the application is installed. Before installing an application, Android Market displays all required permissions. A game may need to enable vibration, for example, but should not need to read messages or access the phonebook. After reviewing these permissions, the user can decide whether to install the application.^[105]
Some Android malware incidents have been reported involving rogue applications on Android Market. In August 2010, Kaspersky Lab reported detection of the first malicious program for Android, named Trojan-SMS.AndroidOS.FakePlayer.a, an SMS trojan which had already infected a number of devices.^[106] In some cases applications which contained Trojans were hidden in pirated versions of legitimate apps.^[107][108] Google has responded by removing malicious apps from the Android Market, and remotely disabling them on infected devices.^[109] Security firms such as AVG Technologies and Symantec have released antivirus software for Android devices.

[edit] Privacy

Android smartphones have the ability to report the location of Wi-Fi access points, encountered as phone users move around, to build vast databases containing the physical locations of hundreds of millions of such access points. These databases form electronic maps to locate smartphones, allowing them to run apps like Foursquare, Latitude, Places, and to deliver location-based ads.^[110]
One design issue is that average users cannot monitor how applications access and use private and sensitive data (e.g. location and hardware ID numbers). Even during installation, permission checks do not often indicate to the user how critical services and data will be used or misused. Third party monitoring software such as TaintDroid,^[111] an academic research-funded project, can identify personal information sent from applications to remote servers.^[112]

[edit] Marketing

The Android logo was designed along with the Droid font family made by Ascender Corporation.^[113]
Android Green is the color of the Android Robot that represents the Android operating system. The print color is PMS 376C and the RGB color value in hexadecimal is #A4C639, as specified by the Android Brand Guidelines.^[114] The custom typeface of Android is called Norad (cf. NORAD). It is only used in the text logo.^[115]

[edit] Market share

Research company Canalys estimated in Q2 2009 that Android had a 2.8% share of worldwide smartphone shipments.^[116] By Q4 2010 this had grown to 33% of the market, becoming the top-selling smartphone platform. This estimate includes the Tapas and OMS variants of Android.^[21] By Q3 2011 Gartner estimates more than half (52.5%) of the smartphone market belongs to Android.^[117]
In February 2010 ComScore said the Android platform had 9.0% of the U.S. smartphone market, as measured by current mobile subscribers. This figure was up from an earlier estimate of 5.2% in November 2009.^[118] By the end of Q3 2010 Android's U.S. market share had grown to 21.4%.^[119]
In May 2010, Android's first quarter U.S. sales surpassed that of the rival iPhone platform. According to a report by the NPD group, Android achieved 25% smartphone sales in the US market, up 8% from the December quarter. In the second quarter, Apple's iOS was up by 11%, indicating that Android is taking market share mainly from RIM, and still has to compete with heavy consumer demand for new competitor offerings.^[120] Furthermore, analysts pointed to advantages that Android has as a multi-channel, multi-carrier OS, which allowed it to duplicate the quick success of Microsoft's Windows Mobile.^[121] In Q4 2010 Android had 59% of the total installed user base of Apple's iOS in the U.S. and 46% of the total installed user base of iOS in Europe.^[122][123]
As of June 2011^[update], Google said that 550,000 new Android devices were being activated every day^[124]— up from 400,000 per day a month earlier — and more than 100 million devices had been activated.^[19] Android hit 300,000 activations per day back in December 2010. By the 14th of July 2011, 550,000 Android devices were being activated by Google each day, with 4.4% growth per week.^[125] On the 1st of August 2011, Canalys estimated that Android had about 48% of the smartphone market share.^[126] On October 13, 2011, Google announced that there were 190 million Android devices in the market.^[127] As of November 16, 2011, during the Google Music announcement "These Go to Eleven", 200 million Android devices had been activated.^[128] Based on this number, with 1.9% of Android devices being tablets, approximately 3.8 million Android Honeycomb Tablets have been sold.^[129]

[edit] Usage share

Usage share of the different versions, by December 1, 2011.^[130]

Version

Distribution	API level	%
4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich	14-15	0%
3.x.x Honeycomb	11-13	2.4%
2.3.x Gingerbread	9-10	50.6%
2.2 Froyo	8	35.3%
2.1 Eclair	7	9.6%
1.6 Donut	4	1.3%
1.5 Cupcake	3	0.8%

[edit] Retail Stores

The world's first Android store opened on Bourke Street, Melbourne in December 2011.^[131]

[edit] Intellectual property infringement claims

See also: Oracle Corporation#Lawsuit against Google

Both Android and Android phone manufacturers have been the target of numerous patent lawsuits. On 12 August 2010, Oracle sued Google over claimed infringement of copyrights and patents related to the Java programming language.^[132] Specifically, the patent infringement claim references seven United States patents including US 5966702  "Method and apparatus for pre-processing and packaging class files", and US 6910205  "Interpreting functions utilizing a hybrid of virtual and native machine instructions".^[133].
In response, Google submitted multiple lines of defense, counterclaiming that Android did not infringe on Oracle's patents or copyright, that Oracle's patents were invalid, and several other defenses. They said that Android is based on Apache Harmony, a clean room implementation of the Java class libraries, and an independently developed virtual machine called Dalvik.^{[134][135][136]}
Microsoft has also sued several manufacturers of Android devices for patent infringement, and collects patent licensing fees from others. In October 2011 Microsoft said they had signed license agreements with ten Android device manufacturers, accounting for 55% of worldwide revenue for Android devices.^[137] These include Samsung and HTC.^[138]
Apple Inc. CEO Steve Jobs claimed that Android copied major elements of Apple's iPhone and iOS operating system. According to his biography, Jobs stated that Android is a "stolen product," and vowed to destroy it. “I will spend my last dying breath if I need to, and I will spend every penny of Apple's $40 billion in the bank, to right this wrong,” said Jobs.^[139]
Google has publicly expressed its dislike for the current patent landscape in the United States, accusing Apple, Oracle and Microsoft of trying to take down Android through patent litigation, rather than innovating and competing with better products and services.^[140] In August 2011, Google purchased Motorola Mobility for US$12.5 billion, which was viewed in part as a defensive measure to protect Android, since Motorola Mobility has a 17,000-strong patent pool.

^{THIS POST WAS COPIED BY WIKIPEDIA}